1. Raspberry Pi

raspberrypi zero wh 快速上手

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1.前言

今天中午收到了几天前闲鱼购买的RaspberryPi Zero WH 。花了八十元，由于Zero 的USB接口全部为micro usb，显示输出为micro hdmi，所以别指望连显示器和键盘操作了（其实是要多花钱买转接线）

2.操作步骤

2.1首先我们需要：

  • RaspberryPi Zero WH
  • USB数据线一根
  • microSD卡一张
  • Linux操作系统的计算机一台（虚拟机也阔以）

2.2官网下载系统镜像

https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/这里我们选 Raspbian Buster Lite，因为我不需要图形界面和其他推荐的软件，直接用最小系统是最好。但时间来到了2020.4.30号，使用官网最新的镜像已经不能通过配置文件的方式设置WIFI和ssh了，所以我们得下载旧的镜像，于是我对官网镜像下载地址进行了一波分析，发现https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest单击此网址就直接默认下载最新的镜像了，于是我凭借直觉将其修改成http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite/ NICE! 顺着点下去就找到了我知道的能够实现一根线配置的系统镜像http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite/images/raspbian_lite-2019-09-30/2019-09-26-raspbian-buster-lite.zip将其下载下来。使用树莓派官方提供的 Raspberry Pi Imager 将刚刚下载的2019-09-26-raspbian-buster-lite.zip烧录到microSD卡中。

2.3修改配置文件

使用Linux环境读取刚刚写好的MicroSD卡

2.3.1修改/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

追加以下wifi连接内容

network={
    ssid="WiFi-Name" //wifi名称
    psk="WiFi-password" //wifi密码
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK //加密方式
    priority=1 //连接优先级，数字越大优先级越高（不可以是负数）
    scan_ssid=1 //连接隐藏WiFi时需要指定该值为1
}

2.3.2在boot分区下新建一个名为ssh的文件

至此完成配置，将microSD卡插入zero然后加电等待zero自动连接到路由器（此时我们可以在路由器里获取到zero分配到的IP地址）

3.基本优化

3.1通过ssh连接到我们的zero

用户名:pi

密码:raspberry

Windows PowerShell
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尝试新的跨平台 PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6

PS C:\Users\michael> ssh pi@192.168.1.11
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.11 (192.168.1.11)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:K7DB/YjDroeIte87wQw/c7O5PAamLJiKVpIk292j6DQ.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.11' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@192.168.1.11's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
pi@192.168.1.11's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.19.75+ #1270 Tue Sep 24 18:38:54 BST 2019 armv6l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.

SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $

使用sudo raspi-config命令可配置密码、时区等。

3.2更换源

cd /etc/apt/
cat sources.list
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
sudo sed -i 's|raspbian.raspberrypi.org|mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/raspbian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
cat sources.list
cd sources.list.d/
cat raspi.list 
sudo cp raspi.list raspi.list.bak
sudo sed -i 's|//archive.raspberrypi.org|//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archive.raspberrypi.org|g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
cat raspi.list 
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

更新一下系统

3.3解锁root用户

先使用sudo passwd root命令为root用户创建密码

使用sudo passwd --unlock root命令解锁root账户

===========================================

访问http://home.sencom.top:8080/ 进入由树莓派zero搭建的home web server

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